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Key points to understanding Browns Gas
Based on the Proton Theory
Developed by Michael Rome
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There are many facts and technologies in the study of browns gas, yet unfortunately the opinions and misunderstandings seem to spread quicker. It is important to discuss these differences and properly inform those asking the questions. If we want the technology to take a serious foothold in our world as a trustworthy energy source we must begin with the right science, words, and understandings. Even many proponents of the science impose their own understandings as ‘facts’, but actually undermine the real framework of the facts which in turn hinder the furthering of the technology into acceptance and understanding within our society. There are some key points this article discusses;
Things to remember when reading this:
To many people, the term ‘perpetual machine’ comes to mind when hearing about devices that claim to get more energy out than what was put in. Arguably so, but not a correct way of understanding browns gas fuel cells. A perpetual machine in theory produces more work energy than it consumes, which is impossible given our current understandings of the laws of physics. A fuel cell that effectively makes browns gas does not put out more energy than it requires for operation. In fact, this fuel cell does not even put out workable energy, it only produces a potential energy source. The energy was always present in the water. This potential energy source, known widely as browns gas, has the same amount of energy in it as the water that went into the cell. The big difference between water and browns gas is the availability of the potential energy. In browns gas the energy is readily available for a more complete use whereas in the water it is not. This can be likened to having $1 million stored in a locked safe. If you take the money out of the safe and place it in a plastic bag it becomes much easier for anyone to use it, but if left in the safe only the person with the combination can get it. Water has within it millions of dollars of potential energy (so to speak), but it is locked away in the formation of its stable molecule. The proper form of electrolysis unlocks this molecule and allows for an easier to use form of potential energy to be utilized. This does not fit the description of a perpetual machine.
From here we can understand that using this browns gas to power any engine of sorts, the engine does not become perpetual either. The engine still requires a certain amount of energy to produce work energy, and the output will always be less than or equal to what was put in to operate it.
What does happen is the engine, now using a more efficient form of energy, runs more efficiently. It will take less of this type of energy source to produce the same results as it did when it was running off of a lesser source of energy. Many misunderstand the process of running an engine off of browns gas because of these overlooked, major facts. The picture many see is of a gasoline engine running off water and a small electrical power source. What is really happening is two separate and different processes. The small electrical source is only unlocking the water molecules, allowing the potential energy to be accessible. This unlocked form of energy, which was already in the water to begin with, is then brought to the engine and consumed as a normal source of energy. The result is an engine that produces more work energy than what we already know it can do. Another important fact to realize is that the power specifications of the engine we are using were calculated assuming we used a less efficient energy source, such as gasoline. New numbers and new energy efficiency rating must be recalculated using the new source of energy. A cleaner, more effective source of energy will produce a cleaner, more efficient engine. This is why we went from using steam engines and begun using gasoline, or oil derivatives. The new source of energy was more efficient, making the engines more efficient. Using the same analogy of the million dollars; you can still buy an exotic Italian car with 100 million pennies you wheel barrowed in after torching the safe they were locked in, but wouldn’t it be much easier to walk in and write a check using the million you deposited into an account after opening the safe with the combination? The same money, the same outcome, more efficient way of reaching your goal.
The above formula is widely accepted as the official description of electrolysis (not showing the energy portions of the reaction). It is correct, but it is not the only way to disassociate water. Electrolysis has been around for a very long time, since Tesla first discovered that he can produce hydrogen and oxygen by breaking down water. Everyone familiar with the process knows that the water molecule has poles and certain sides of it are attracted to the respective electrodes in the cell. It is this force that overcomes the electrons’ bonds in the molecule and pulls the oxygen and hydrogen apart. Now, the biggest misconception is what form these separate elements become once they are no longer a part of the water molecule. Some say diatomic forms (H2 and O2), some say monatomic forms (H and O), and even some say a completely different arrangement of the water molecule all together. With all of these conflicting theories, it makes understanding the efficiency and reality all the more difficult to embrace and apply.
A critical incorrect notion for many is a very easy one to overlook and the first that needs to be addressed; the hydrogen’s placement and role in the water molecule. For most people, when looking at the formula of water, they see what looks to be H2. What is pictured by most is the diatomic, most commonly known, form of hydrogen, H2. This assumption is what leads many astray, believing that the two hydrogen are connected to each other in the molecule. This is far from true. The only thing the ‘H2’ states in the formula is the fact that there are two atoms of hydrogen in the molecule. This does not mean that they are bonded together, and a look at any diagram of water and one can clearly see this to be true. The formula does not give the arrangement of the molecules, for it takes knowledge of electron sharing and configuration to understand that aspect. In fact, they sit 104.5 degrees away from one another on the oxygen. They are repelled away from each other because their exposed sides are positive (alike repels, opposite attracts).
FIRST NOTE: THE HYDROGEN IN WATER IS NOT CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER, THEREFORE NOT DIATOMIC
Upon understanding this, we arrive at another question. What do the atoms look like at the moment of separation? Here lies another misunderstanding that can throw the entire equation and process out of sync with what is actually happening. We know that the Laws of Electrolysis can tell us what happens, and we can assume that if the monatomic (single H and O) forms reach the electrodes, they react, and become H2 and O2. What makes us so sure that it is monatomic H and O once the molecule splits? Well, we do know that hydrogen has only one electron, and oxygen has six (in its outer shell). We would assume that this is the form they take, right?
This is yet another false assumption that allows us to misinterpret what is really happening. Just because we commonly see H and O with their respected electrons present, does not mean that this is their state as disassociation of water occurs. There is still another very small, yet critical detail overlooked here as well, which alters the entire understanding of browns gas. It is called ionization potential. This rule explains how easy an atom can lose or gain electrons. According to these numbers, it shows that the oxygen in its current state in the molecule has three times the power to keep electrons (in its outer shell) than hydrogen has to keep its one electron. What does this mean, and why is this relevant? This clearly shows that not only the written formula and the electron configuration and sharing accurately describe the environment. The ionization potentials of the elements show that, when the water molecule breaks apart, the oxygen will keep the electrons that the hydrogen was sharing with it. This will leave the hydrogen with no electron, which is called an ion of hydrogen, which is also a single proton (pure energy). With two extra electrons on the oxygen, it becomes an ion as well with a full outer shell, no longer likely to bond with anything. Mathematically, the theory of monatomic atoms forming is indeed possible, and it is verified with the laws of electrolysis. However, when incorporating the real world variables into the equation another picture emerges, one that accurately describes browns gas. As ions, the protons will not bond with each other, and neither will the full oxygen ions bond together.
SECOND NOTE: DISASSOCIATION OF WATER LEAVES IONS OF H AND O, NOT DIATOMIC OR MONATOMIC ATOMS
How does this fit with our current knowledge of electrolysis and the fact that we know diatomic H and O can form? By using the Laws of electrolysis, we know that the amount of substance created (at the electrodes) is directly proportional to the amount of substance that reaches the electrodes. When these protons (hydrogen ions) and oxygen ions are allowed to reach the electrodes, the laws come into place and H2 and O2 are formed. This is where the understanding that the process of creating H2 and O2 by means of electrolysis to use as a source of energy becomes inefficient at best. This is where the common chemical equation of electrolysis is relevant. This is also the point at which the two differing forms of electrolysis branch out to form two completely separate products.
The widely understood type of electrolysis is calculated as the atoms reach the electrodes, where they gain or lose electrons, thus creating common hydrogen and oxygen. Although it has not been noted until now that the ionization potential affects the primary outcome of the elements, it does not change the outcome the laws of electrolysis at the electrodes. The H and O ions still ionize and become diatomic.
With this in mind, we pause at the moment of disassociation before the ions are allowed to come in contact with the electrodes and reduce the wanted effective outcome. Here we have protons and oxygen ions. In the proper type of electrolysis that produces true browns gas, the electrical charge that pulls the molecules apart ceases to exist for a short time (this is done at a set frequency usually using a PWM, or frequency modulator). At this time, with no excess current drawing the ions towards the electrodes with force, they never reach the point of ionization to become diatomic. Instead they are held in close proximity to one another (considering they are somewhat charged) and will not bond with anything until another energy source is present.
A few more points should be made clear at this moment in the electrolysis, which will help us understand the environment of the newly formed ions. One must understand the electron sharing and configuration properties of hydrogen and oxygen. We know that all atoms strive for a full outer electron shell, just as they will always revert to the simplest stable form with the amount of energy present. For this technology we need only to be aware of the first shell on hydrogen and the second shell on the oxygen. The hydrogen wants two to be full (it naturally has one), and the oxygen wants eight (it naturally has six). When we apply the ionization potential to the process of separating the water molecule we find that the oxygen has now all eight and is full while the hydrogen, or more properly called a proton, has no electron shell. How is this important to the theories of browns gas? These elements are in the simplest and most stable forms that can occur with the least amount of energy applied to them. Without any excess energy there will be no more bonding and electron sharing. In order to get a different, more complex form, the ions need to reach the electrodes or there needs to be excess energy present to act upon them. Common electrolysis has this over current, or excess energy, required to convert the ions into more complex forms of hydrogen and oxygen. However, this is what we aim NOT to do when producing browns gas. The excess energy wasted in creating more complex forms, in addition to the excess energy needed to separate these complex forms shortly after in order to release the potential energy and form the bi product becomes more trouble than what it is worth.
THIRD NOTE: PRODUCING COMMON HYDROGEN FROM ELECTROLYSIS TO BE USED AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY IS NOT EFFICIENT
Energy from H2 is not efficient when the hydrogen is produced by the common form of electrolysis. After understanding what the atoms look like immediately following disassociation, we see that more energy is required to form the diatomic H and O. Then, in order to use the potential energy, which results in the reformation of the water molecule (we can see this in the chemical formula above), we must separate the diatomic forms. Why do they need to be separated before forming water? Simply put, there is no diatomic H in water, nor is there diatomic O. The ‘H2’ in water does not look the same as ‘H2’ in diatomic hydrogen gas. Diatomic hydrogen is two hydrogen sharing electrons with each other and filling their outer shells making them complete. The same is true with the O2. The hydrogen and oxygen both must be bonded to nothing else in order for them to create water. If we have H2 and O2 we first need to spend energy to separate these diatomic forms. H2 needs to be pulled apart into H and H, just as the O2 needs to be separated into single O. Only then can two single H bond with one single O, forming water. This costs more energy, leaving us with considerably less in the end.
Adding up all of these key differences we come to a logical understanding. If the electrolysis process is not accurate and correct, common oxygen and hydrogen WILL be formed. This cost energy because they were not diatomic when they came off the water molecule. Next, in order to spend the diatomic forms’ energy and create the bi product (water) they need to be separated first, which of course costs more valuable energy. These steps will occur in electrolysis unless specific steps are taken to ensure the proper form and amount of energy is directed to the cell. Doing this takes more knowledge and attention to detail but ultimately uses less energy. Instead, the energy is focused the right way which unlocks the water molecule like a combination does to a safe. Common electrolysis is like taking a hammer and a torch to open the safe, which wastes time and energy as well as running the risk of burning some of the money in the process.
FOURTH NOTE: BROWNS GAS ELECTROLYSIS IS NOT THE SAME AS COMMON ELECTROLYSIS. IT REQUIRES MORE DETAIL AND LESS ENERGY. IF YOU USE LARGE AMOUNTS OF ENERGY AND THE RESULT IS HYDROGEN THEN THE PROCESS IS WRONG
There are endless questions regarding any alternative energy source, and many of them are legitimate inquiries. Questions from ‘how does it work’, to ‘what does it save me’. The biggest question with browns gas is ‘If it works then why isn’t everyone using it?’ If someone advertises a new way to save money on fuel, the first natural question is the ‘how’. If this one critical question is not answered correctly or effectively then there is no chance the idea will ever take off. If the person who claims the process to work cannot get the understanding of society in harmony with what they already know, nothing will happen. Here lies the biggest problem with browns gas. Many scientists know about browns gas and work with it and study it on a daily basis. Many industries have equipment that use browns gas and its unique properties. The people who know of its existence cannot, unfortunately, come up with a logical enough reason as to why it works. Many theories are not in line with the normal understanding of chemistry and science.
Many people who know a great deal about these things take a look at the ‘science’ claims behind browns gas and laugh. If it works the way they claim it does, then the entire process is useless and inefficient. When the normal science community looks at these naïve and contradictory findings, they have no choice but to dismiss it as a gimmick. This leaves all the people who know it works with dead end designs and the rest of the world clueless about an exciting new source of energy.
Until the proton theory, and the ultimate consideration of ALL the varying factors that take place in the production of browns gas, there has not been enough logical, scientific, concrete explanations as to ‘how’ it works and ‘why’ is it different. Every detail in this theory has been thoroughly researched and tested, and so far none have found a more concise description that includes all aspects. It is now the duty of all alternative energy researchers and users to become educated so that when questioned they can answer with certainty, and when more come to learn they can be taught in a proper, professional manner. Browns gas is one of greatest scientific finds of the century, but without an equally important understanding of it, it faces disaster before its debut.
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